The results of the study showed that women were underrepresented in orthopedic fellowship programs, particularly those specializing in shoulder and elbow surgery, adult reconstruction, and orthopedic sports medicine.
Jason Silvestre MD and his colleagues at Howard University College of Medicine conducted a retrospective cohort of 600 fellowship program director in orthopedic surgery for the academic year 2022-2023. They used participation-to-prevalence ratios (PPRs) to define representation among both men and women, with a PPR less than 0.8 indicating underrepresentation and a PRR greater than 1.2
